Complexos enzimáticos associados ou não a extrato de Yucca schidigera para leitões na fase inicial

Abstract

In chapter 1, a systematic review was carried out on enzyme complexes for piglets in the initial phase regarding performance and digestibility. A search was carried out in electronic databases using the PICo method (Population, Interest and Context). The articles were exported to a reference manager and subjected to selection criteria. 52.5% of studies focus on the period from 2012 to 2022. China has the highest number of publications (9), followed by the USA (8) and Brazil (7). The enzymes most used in the complexes were xylanase (33), β-glucanase (27), protease (16) and phytase (14). Single and increasing dosages of enzyme complexes improved performance and digestibility. In chapter 2, the extract of Yucca schidigera (YSE) for piglets was investigated based on a bibliographical review. The reported beneficial effects are associated with saponins and polyphenolic compounds present in YSE. Chapter 3 is an experiment on the use of enzyme complexes on the digestibility of all-vegetable diets for piglets in the initial phase and excretion of pollutants. Twenty-four 35-day-old male piglets were used, distributed in randomized blocks in three treatments: DC: Control diet; CDE1: CD with 200 g ton 1 of enzyme complex; CDE2: DC with 400 g ton-1 of enzyme complex. CDE2 increased mineral availability, NDF digestibility and ADF. Supplementation increased the availability and decreased excretion of minerals. Enzyme complexes with protease (140.0 to 2800.0 HUT/ kg-1 of diet), phytase (60.0 SPU kg-1 of diet) and cellulase (8.0 to 18.0 CMCU Kg-1 of diet) improve availability and decrease the excretion of minerals. Higher levels of protease (2800.0 HUT Kg-1 of diet) and cellulase (18.0 CMCU Kg-1 of diet) are necessary to improve fiber digestibility. In chapter 4, enzyme complexes associated or not with plant extracts in diets for weaned piglets were evaluated. Forty-eight 28-day-old animals were used, distributed in randomized blocks across six treatments: CD: Control Diet; CDY: CD with 125 g ton-1 of Yucca schidigera Extract (YSE); CDE: CD with 200 g ton-1 of enzyme complex; CDME: DC with 400 g ton-1 of multienzyme complex with emulsifier; CDE+Y1: CDE + EYS (125 g ton-1); CDE +Y2: CDE + EYS (250 g ton-1). CDE + Y1 improved feed conversion. CDE, CDME and CDE +Y1 improved the digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, ADF, energy and P and reduced the excretion of P. Greater AV/PC, mucosal thickness and jejunal absorptive area were verified with the supplementations. The total number of goblet cells decreased when piglets consumed CDE +Y2. Exogenous enzymes with plant extracts decreased the relative expression of TNF-α mRNA; MUC-2 decreased with supplementation; that of NaPi-IIb increased with the use of CDE, while that of SGLT-1 increased with CDY and CDE; that of PEPT-1 increased with CDY, CDME, CDE+Y1 and CDE+Y2. Exogenous enzymes associated or not with plant extracts (125 g ton-1 of YSE and 52 g kg-1 of emulsifier) in piglet diets optimize production efficiency, promote improvements in the digestibility and absorption of dietary nutrients, intestinal histology, contribute to intestinal health and reduce the excretion of P.