Violência obstétrica no Brasil: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Obstetric violence (OV) is disrespect for women in the most sublime phase of their lives, which is a conception of another life. Constituting an old problem, which has currently aroused the interest of researchers, OV is described by numerous forms of violence during professional obstetric practice, including physical, psychological and verbal violence, which may impact the woman's quality of life. Objective: The present study aims to gather scientific evidence about OV in Brazil to describe more about the topic and the issues that imply its occurrence, addressing legislation and public policies and disagreeing about the role of nursing professionals in combating this type of violence. Method: An integrative literature review was conducted from June to October 2023 in the BDENF, Embase, LILACS, PUBMED/MEDLINE, SCIELO and Web of Science databases. Results: 9 studies were included, published between 2018 and 2023, with parturient/postpartum women, women of reproductive age, nurses or residents in obstetric nursing. All included studies reported situations perceived or experienced during labor, birth and the postpartum period that were classified as obstetric violence, with reports of verbal, physical and psychological violence. Inthis way, it is possible to verify that obstetric violence is still experienced by Brazilian women. Conclusions: This review highlights the need for changes in professional practices with the intention of making obstetric care increasingly humanized. Among these actions, it is important to highlight education for women, so that they are aware of their rights throughout the pregnancy-puerperal cycle. Furthermore, it is necessary to implement research and training in the academic environment for the training of health professionals, contributing to the implementation of practices based on humanization and minimization of the occurrence of OV.