A compostagem como estratégia para a bioeconomia: revisão de literatura e perspectivas futuras

Abstract

The bioeconomy is based on the sustainable use of renewable biological resources as an alternative to the linear economic model dependent on fossil resources. In this context, composting stands out as a strategic technology for the valorization of the organic fraction of solid waste, promoting nutrient cycling and reintegration of materials into productive systems. This study aimed to analyze, through a systematic literature review, how composting has been addressed as a bioeconomy strategy between 2016 and 2024, identifying scientific trends, thematic clusters, and research gaps. The methodology followed the PRISMA protocol, with data collection conducted in the Scopus database, initially identifying 140 documents, of which 56 articles composed the final corpus. In addition to the systematic review, a bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer software, including co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence, citation, bibliographic coupling, and co-citation analyses. The results indicated recent growth in scientific production, with emphasis on Asian countries, particularly India, China, and Malaysia, alongside significant European participation. Consolidated thematic clusters were identified, focusing on organic waste valorization, integration between composting and anaerobic digestion, environmental sustainability, and circular economy approaches. Keyword analysis demonstrated strong interrelation among bioeconomy, composting, waste management, and sustainability, confirming the conceptual consolidation of composting as an operational tool of circular bioeconomy. However, gaps remain regarding the integration of environmental, economic, and governance assessments. It is concluded that composting represents a key technology for the transition toward sustainable production systems, contributing to impact mitigation, nutrient recovery, and the strengthening of bio-based value chains.