Governança híbrida na fronteira Brasil-Bolívia: a atuação do Primeiro Comando da Capital em Rondônia (2020-2025)

Abstract

This study aims to analyze how the actions of the Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) in the state of Rondônia, between 2020 and 2025, shape the dynamics of hybrid governance along the Brazil–Bolivia border. The research adopts a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive approach, combining a literature review on state formation, transnational organized crime, and criminal governance with the construction of an empirical dataset based on the collection and systematization of 187 journalistic reports on violence and faction activity in the region. Inspired by methodologies from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), the analysis organizes the data into variables that allow the identification of patterns of violence, types of conflict, and forms of action by criminal organizations, which are subsequently interpreted through analytical categories of hybrid governance. The findings indicate that, although the PCC has the organizational capacity to exercise social, economic, and territorial regulation, its presence in Rondônia occurs in a context of non-hegemonic control, marked by the coexistence with other factions, resulting in unstable dynamics characterized by the overlap between state and criminal norms, fluctuations in violence, and the presence of parallel mechanisms of conflict resolution. Thus, unlike contexts such as São Paulo, where the PCC may establish more structured forms of violence regulation, in Rondônia these mechanisms are primarily oriented toward regulating conduct and mediating disputes over illicit markets. As a contribution, this study seeks to add to the debate on criminal governance by focusing on border areas, which remain underexplored in the literature, and by providing an empirical overview that may contribute to a better understanding of local dynamics of organized crime.