Licenciamento Ambiental e Mitigação de Impactos Socioambientais: Estudo de Caso na Praia de Sagi - RN

Abstract

Environmental licensing constitutes one of the main instruments of brazilian environmental policy and is essential for promoting sustainable development and preventing socioenvironmental impacts arising from potentially polluting activities. In this context, the present study investigates the socio-environmental impacts associated with tourism growth at Praia de Sagi, in the municipality of Baía Formosa, Rio Grande do Norte, with emphasis on the role of environmental licensing in reconciling socioeconomic development and the conservation of coastal ecosystems. The research adopts a mixed-methods (quantitative and qualitative) approach, combining documentary analysis of administrative and judicial procedures initiated in 2021. In addition, interviews were conducted with members of the local community between January and February of 2026, allowing for the identification of residents perceptions regarding environmental changes resulting from tourism expansion, such as landscape alterations, occupation of sensitive areas, and disturbances in ecosystem dynamics within permanent preservation areas. Furthermore, the study examines the impacts of irregular developments, evaluating the effectiveness of environmental licensing instruments in light of current legislation. The perception of residents indicates weaknesses in territorial planning and in the preventive role of public authorities, highlighting the need for greater integration between enforcement, administrative transparency, and social participation. It is concluded that strengthening municipal environmental management, combined with the recognition of local knowledge and the effective application of legal instruments, constitute essential steps to minimize environmental and social impacts and to promote a development model compatible with coastal sustainability.