Modernização do licenciamento ambiental no estado da Paraíba: a implementação e utilização do sistema sigma

Abstract

Environmental licensing is one of the main instruments of the National Environmental Policy, playing an essential role in controlling and mitigating impacts arising from potentially polluting activities. In the context of public administration modernization, the incorporation of digital technologies stands out as a strategy to improve efficiency, transparency, and access to public services. In this scenario, this study evaluates the modernization process of environmental licensing in the State of Paraíba, focusing on the implementation and use of the Environmental Licensing Management System (SIGMA) as a technical-administrative support tool for the state environmental agency, assessing its effects on administrative efficiency and environmental management. The methodology is characterized as applied research with a qualitative and quantitative approach, based on document analysis and secondary data collection. Data regarding the number of environmental licenses issued in 2018 and 2019 (pre-SIGMA period) and in 2023 and 2024 (post-implementation period) were used, obtained from institutional reports of the Environmental Administration Superintendence (SUDEMA) and from the SIGMA Transparency Portal. In addition, a qualitative content analysis was conducted based on an institutional document containing statements from SUDEMA staff regarding the changes resulting from process digitalization. The results show that, prior to the implementation of the system, environmental licensing presented operational limitations associated with physical document processing and higher levels of bureaucracy. After the implementation of SIGMA, a significant increase in the number of issued licenses was observed, especially in 2024, indicating substantial efficiency gains. There was also greater diversification in licensing types, with emphasis on the Adhesion and Commitment License (LAC), as well as an expansion in the territorial reach of the service. The qualitative analysis reinforces these findings, highlighting improvements in agility, traceability, transparency, reduction of physical displacement, and optimization of communication among stakeholders. It is observed that the implementation of SIGMA represents a relevant advancement in the modernization of environmental management in the State of Paraíba, contributing to the strengthening of administrative efficiency and public governance. Furthermore, the system demonstrates alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9,11 e 16, particularly regarding innovation, effective institutions, and the promotion of sustainable cities. Finally, the importance of continued investment in technology and capacity building is emp