Análise multicritério dos serviços de saneamento básico na região metropolitana do Recife por meio de técnicas de geoprocessamento

Abstract

Basic sanitation is an essential component for the population’s quality of life and for urban development, being directly related to public health and territorial organization. Despite institutional and legal advances in the sector, inequalities in the provision of these services still persist among different municipalities, especially in metropolitan regions. In this context, the present study aimed to spatially analyze basic sanitation services in the municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Recife, considering the dimensions of water supply, sanitary sewage, solid waste management, and urban drainage. To conduct the research, indicators from the National Sanitation Information System (Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento – SNIS) were used. Subsequently, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was applied within a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. This approach allowed the assignment of weights to the different criteria analyzed and the development of thematic maps representing the relative performance of municipalities in each sanitation dimension. The results revealed significant differences among the municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Recife, indicating a heterogeneous spatial distribution of basic sanitation services. Among the municipalities analyzed, Itapissuma, Araçoiaba, and Ilha de Itamaracá showed the lowest performance in the overall index, highlighting greater limitations related to service coverage and infrastructure. In general, more urbanized municipalities presented relatively better service conditions, while peripheral areas showed greater weaknesses in the provision and structuring of sanitation services. It is concluded that the integrated analysis of sanitation indicators, combined with geoprocessing techniques and multicriteria analysis, constitutes a relevant tool to support territorial planning and management. The identification of spatial inequalities allows actions and investments to be directed more efficiently, contributing to the improvement of service provision and to progress toward the universalization of basic sanitation in the Metropolitan Region of Recife.