Desenvolvimento e aplicação de um framework para gestão e regularização ambiental de oficinas mecânicas de pequeno e médio porte no município de João Pessoa - PB

Abstract

Mechanical workshops, although essential for maintaining the circulating vehicle fleet, stand out among activities with significant pollution potential due to the generation of hazardous waste, such as used lubricating oils, contaminated rags, and filters. Improper management of these wastes can result in soil and water contamination, in addition to posing risks to public health. In this context, the study aimed to develop a structured framework to support the environmental management and regulatory compliance of small and medium-sized mechanical workshops located in the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil, based on a diagnosis of their practices and difficulties. The methodology was applied in nature and qualitative in approach, conducted through semi-structured interviews and direct observation in five mechanical workshops. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis techniques and compared with the relevant literature and applicable legal standards. Based on the diagnosis, a framework structured in two integrated stages—diagnosis and a guide of practical solutions— was developed. Its functionality was subsequently tested through application in one workshop (Workshop 4). The results indicated a fragile environmental management scenario: 80% of the workshops do not have an Oil-Water Separator (OWS) system, 60% have inadequate flooring, none have secondary containment systems, and 60% operate with irregular environmental licensing. It was found that the identified non-compliances are mainly associated with the lack of accessible information and tools capable of translating the complexity of environmental legislation into practical actions. The application of the framework in Workshop 4 demonstrated its potential as a tool for dialogue and prioritization of actions, considering the manager’s reality in terms of cost, time, and operational feasibility. It is concluded that the proposed framework constitutes a relevant tool to support the environmental compliance of mechanical workshops, helping to bridge the gap between legal requirements and daily practice.