Restrições à internacionalização de políticas públicas: uma análise indutiva da literatura

Abstract

The internationalization of public policies constitutes a central phenomenon in international cooperation processes, characterized by the pursuit of joint solutions to shared public problems across different national or subnational contexts. This article seeks to identify and systematize the main barriers that limit the internationalization of public policies, with an emphasis on the constraints that emerge inductively from the specialized literature. To this end, a Systematic Literature Review was conducted based on the PRISMA protocol, covering publications from 2010 to 2025 in the Scopus, SciELO, and Latindex databases. The final sample consisted of 73 studies, analyzed using Qualitative Content Analysis with support from NVivo software and mixed coding logic (deductive and inductive). The results confirm the presence of constraints traditionally highlighted in the literature, such as political, cultural, institutional, and technical factors, but also reveal four categories of barriers identified empirically: governance constraints, coercive barriers, standardization limitations, and international organizations as barriers. These categories indicate that limitations to internationalization stem not only from resource deficits or contextual incompatibilities, but also from governance dynamics, power relations, and diffusion strategies adopted within the international system. The results indicate that the effectiveness of the internationalization of public policies depends not only on the characteristics of the policies being transferred, but also on the institutional, political, and contextual conditions that shape their dissemination and adaptation.