QUALIDADE, PERFIL DE FENÓLICOS E POTENCIAL FUNCIONAL DE FRUTOS DE VARIEDADES DE MANGUEIRAS OCORRENTES NO MUNICÍPIO DE AREIAPB

Abstract

Although there are many varieties of mango trees in the Brejo Paraibano, the „Tommy Atkins‟ is predominantly produced, due to its greater shelf-life and market acceptance. However, the occurring regional varieties have great potential for fresh fruit market due to the great acceptance by consumers. On the other hand, these varieties are still underexploited, once do not have commercial orchards and neither much information on its nutritional and functional quality. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the quality and functional potential of 9 varieties of mango („Maranhão‟, „Cunhão‟, „Espada‟,' „Jasmim‟, „Manguita‟, „Extrema‟, „Rosa‟, „Alphonso‟ and „Tommy Atkins‟) occurring in Areia - PB municipality. Plants of mangoes varieties were mapped, tagged and had its fruits monitored during the development cycle in farms of this municipality. Fruits were harvested when the physiological maturity was reached. After harvest, fruits were transported to the laboratory kept stored at room conditions until the commercial maturity was reached. When mature, fruits were separated into five replicates of five fruits each, totaling 25 fruits per variety, and were evaluated the physical and physicochemical characteristics, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and phenolic profile (HPLC). Data were submitted to ANOVA and means were compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. Data were also submitted to principal component (PCA), cluster, simple correlation, and hierarchical grouping analyses. The „Rosa‟ and „Jasmim‟ mangoes stood out by presenting background color of the peel strongly reddish and pulp of bright and orange color. Varieties „Cunhão‟, „Espada‟, „Rosa‟, „Jasmim‟ and „Manguita‟ stood out in the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of the pulp, with high PET content and high sequestration capacity of DPPH• and ABTS•+. The peel of „Extrema‟ mango stood out largely due to its higher ascorbic acid and PET content, which reflected in higher antioxidant activity by ABTS and DPPH (EC50) methods. The „Alphonso‟ and „Maranhão‟ with the mango „Tommy Atkins‟ mangoes, had low total extractable polyphenols and antioxidant activity by ABTS in the pulp and low ascorbic acid content in the pulp and peel. The myricetin, quercetin and salicylic acid were the main phenolic compounds found in the pulp and peel of mangoes. The pulp of „Cunhão‟ mango stood out due to the higher amounts of phenolic acids and total flavonoids, and „Rosa‟ mango by differentiating from other varieties by high protocatechuic acid, sinapic acid, and mangiferin contents and also because it was the only variety in which the ferulic acid was detected. Regarding the peel, the „Extrema‟ mango excelled widely from other varieties due to the higher amounts of phenolic acids and total flavonoids, as well as higher levels of salicylic acid, sinapic acid, mangiferin, catechin, myricetin and rutin. The peel of the mango, especially the variety „Extrema‟ are highlighted as an important source of compounds beneficial to human health, having content on the average 40-fold higher than those found in the pulp, thus presenting great potential for pharmaceutical industries.