A evasão escolar na educação de jovens e adultos: desafios e políticas públicas para a permanência escolar

Abstract

The study entitled “School dropout in Youth and Adult Education: challenges and public policies for school retention” aims to analyze the factors that contribute to school dropout in the Youth and Adult Education (YAE) modality, as well as to discuss strategies and public policies aimed at ensuring student retention. The research begins with a historical overview of YAE in Brazil, highlighting its role as a tool for social inclusion and citizenship, especially for populations historically excluded from the educational system, such as women, workers, the elderly, and individuals in vulnerable situations. The author emphasizes that school dropout in YAE is a multifactorial phenomenon, influenced by socioeconomic, pedagogical, structural, and personal aspects. The study also underscores the importance of humanized pedagogical practices inspired by Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy, which value popular knowledge and promote student protagonism. The author proposes intersectoral actions to address dropout, including policies for social assistance, public safety, transportation, school meals, and continuing teacher education. The methodology adopted is qualitative, based on bibliographic research and document analysis, using data from IBGE, INEP, and works by authors such as Freire, Arroyo, Gadotti, Jardilino, and Leôncio Soares. It is concluded that YAE must be recognized as a legitimate space for rebuilding life trajectories and promoting social justice. To achieve this, collective engagement from governments, institutions, and civil society is essential in developing lasting, inclusive public policies that are sensitive to the specific needs of YAE students.