Crises políticas domésticas e seus impactos na paradiplomacia: uma análise do caso dos EUA durante os governos de Donald Trump

Abstract

This paper analyzes the impact of domestic political crises in the United States on American paradiplomacy, focusing on Donald Trump's terms (2017-2021 and 2025-present). The study investigates how polarization and the redirection of federal foreign policy boosted the international engagement of subnational entities. The main objectives are to map the convergences and divergences between government levels, to understand the dynamics of the paradiplomatic response to internal political instability, and to identify the strategies adopted to bypass the national diplomatic agenda. Methodologically, this is a qualitative research structured through bibliographic review and documentary analysis. The results indicate that the disruptions promoted by the federal government catalyzed a reactive federative diplomacy. Subnational governments acted to preserve the status quo on strategic issues, such as the environment, trade, and human rights, consolidating transnational coalitions and autonomous initiatives as mechanisms of resistance and institutional risk mitigation.