Instrumentos de rastreio para detecção precoce do trasntorno do espectro autista utilizados no Brasil

Abstract

The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is classified as neurodevelopment disturb that manifests on the early years of life, on different degrees of severity, being caracterized by comunication and social interaction impairment, restrict interest patterns and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. Diagnosis can be made before age 3, this early identification being essential for a good prognosis for the child's development. Therefore, screening tests are important tools to identify signs of risk for ASD. The objective of this study was to identify the screening tests that are being used to facilitate the early diagnosis of ASD in Brazil, as well as discussing the relevance of tests and their applicability in health services and/or programs. In order to carry out this study, the Narrative Review methodology was used through the analysis of articles, books, among other types of publications, with interpretation and personal critical analysis of the author. From the strategies of search, reading and analysis of selected publications, it was obtained as a result of this review, the fact that it is oriented and recommended by the Ministry of Health and the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics, the use of the M-CHAT and M-CHAT-R/F screening instruments, which are validated for use in Brazil, in addition to the Child Health Handbook. In a brief analysis of the international scenario, there is a similarity with the Brazilian context, with the M-CHAT being the main screening instrument used in studies carried out outside the country, with emphasis on the indication of repeating the screening performed with this instrument throughout early development (from 16 to 30 months) for better effectiveness of the result. Such instruments are pointed out as tools of quick and easy application, viable for childcare consultations in Primary Care, with the family doctor being the main professional able to identify signs of risk for ASD. It was observed in the study the importance and potential of Primary Care in this context, advocating that the professionals of the teams must be attentive and prepared to meet this demand, carefully carrying out the Development Surveillance process. During the research, the lack of knowledge on the part of the health professionals who make up the SUS Network was seen as a weakness that prevents the effectiveness of this early screening, about the guidelines and recommendations regarding the conducts that must be followed so that this early diagnosis is possible.