Impactos do uso de substâncias psicoativas no cuidado materno de crianças: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

The use of psychoactive substances is characterized as a major public health problem. Its use generates stigmas both from the pathologizing perspective and from issues associated with the gender of those who use it. When discussing gender within the context of the use of psychoactive substances, specifically the feminine, it is also necessary to consider the stereotypes launched about femininity in relation to the socially expected roles of a woman in adulthood. Thus, this research seeks to understand if and how the abuse of psychoactive substances can affect the maternal care given to children. For this, an integrative literature review was carried out from the Lilacs and Medline databases (access via the Virtual Health Library - VHL), using the descriptor "Disorders related to substance use" with the Boolean operator "AND" combined with the descriptor "Maternal Care" and with the free terms "Mother-Child Relationships", "Alcoholism", "Women", "Children". Articles published from 2012 to 2021, in Portuguese, English and Spanish were included. After analysis of titles, abstracts and full publications, the review consisted of 9 articles from which it was identified that the use of psychoactive substances mainly impacts on early weaning of children, the weakening of the mother-child relationship and the neglect of a more engaged relationship emotionally, the mother's difficulty in meeting the needs of the children, the role that the children play as motivators for the process of seeking and engaging in treatments for the use of alcohol is also highlighted. use of psychoactive substances. It is identified that despite these impacts, mothers strive to fulfill what they identify as essential in maternal care and seek to play the role of a good mother and meet the sociocultural standards imposed by society.