Sobrecarga e potência de cuidadores de idosos com dependência nas atividades cotidianas a partir de uma unidade de saúde da família

Abstract

Introduction: Population aging generates a lot of debate around the challenges arising from it. The physiological process of aging involves a series of gradual changes in fragilities and functional losses, in addition to multi-comorbidities. This can lead to dependence on the elderly, requiring care from third parties, mostly family members, which causes physical, mental and emotional overload due to the complexity of the task and personal sacrifices. However, being cared for can also have benefits, providing a sense of purpose, gratification and emotional satisfaction. Objectives: This study aimed to understand the burden and power of caregivers of elderly people who are dependent on carrying out daily activities. Methodology: Qualitative, descriptive research was carried out through the application of the ZARIT scale, together with a sociodemographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview, prepared by the research proponents. The data from the interviews were systematized and analyzed based on the stages of Bardin's content analysis and simple descriptive statistics. Results: 10 caregivers of elderly people living in the territory assigned to the Grotão Family Health Unit, a neighborhood located in João Pessoa, Paraíba, participated in the study. Mostly characterized by family ties represented by daughters, spouses and sisters of the elderly, among them, 70% presented difficulties in the care process, predominantly related to fatigue, pain, complications in rest and sleep, stress, anxiety, overload due to the intense demand of care , reflecting that 60% of caregivers present levels of severe overload. However, 70% feel valued by family members and 80% mentioned that there are positive aspects in the task of caring for dependent elderly people, such as satisfaction in promoting the elderly's well-being, increased bonding between them, personal maturity and improved health. patience and a sense of responsibility. Conclusion: The study identified the complexity that exists in the act of caring for an elderly person with dependence in daily activities, understanding that this role involves challenges that generate overload, but also encompasses countless potentialities such as personal growth, development of skills and social appreciation.