Influência do polimorfismo G>A do gene BDNF na responsividade emagrecedora a um programa de treinamento físico

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a complex and progressive disease associated with mental, mechanical, and metabolic health complications. Although physical exercise is an effective treatment strategy, weight loss response varies among individuals and is influenced by behavioral, physiological, and hereditary factors. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the G>A polymorphism in the BDNF gene influences weight loss response to aerobic physical training. METHODS: Seventy-one overweight or obese adults (BMI 25–39.9 kg/m²) underwent 12 weeks of aerobic training (walking or running), while a control group (n=39) remained sedentary during the same period. Anthropometric, biochemical, and nutritional assessments were conducted before and after the intervention. Genotyping was performed at the end of the intervention. Participants were classified as responders (≥0.1 kg reduction in fat mass) or non-responders. Repeated measures Two-Way ANOVA and Chi-square tests were used, with significance set at p < 0.05. Participants in the intervention group showed significant reductions in fat mass (-1.3±2.1 kg; p<0.05), body fat percentage (-1.1±1.8%; p<0.05), waist circumference (-2.3±3.2 cm; p<0.05), and hip circumference (-2.7±3.9 cm; p<0.05), along with improvements in VO₂max and lipid profile. However, no significant association was found between BDNF genotypes (GG vs. AG+AA) and responsiveness to training (χ² = 0.077; p = 0.781). CONCLUSION: Although aerobic training improved body composition, the G>A polymorphism in the BDNF gene did not appear to determine the weight loss response, suggesting that other genetic and behavioral factors should be considered.