Descrição das funções orofaciais de pessoas com Trissomia do Cromossomo 21 sob perspectiva do Protocolo MBGR

Abstract

Purpose: To describe the oral functions of individuals with Trisomy 21 from the perspective of the MBGR protocol. Method: This is a cross-sectional, documentary study with a descriptive approach and quantitative methods. The research consisted of medical records of individuals with Trisomy 21 who were evaluated using the adapted Orofacial Myofunctional Assessment Protocol. Data were analyzed using absolute frequency, percentage, and position and dispersion measures. Results: Significant changes in orofacial functions were observed, with a higher incidence in chewing and speech. In breathing, 87,50% of the individuals presented altered respiratory mode. In chewing, lip closure, chewing speed, and atypical muscle contractions had higher rates of changes. In swallowing solids, 68.75% presented residues after swallowing and 50% had partial lip closure. On the other hand, swallowing liquids was preserved in most participants. Regarding speech, tongue interposition was the most frequent alteration (81.25%), followed by impaired intelligibility, including on the telephone (68.75%) and articulatory distortions (56.25%). These findings highlight the need for specialized speech therapy. Conclusion: All functions presented alterations, with emphasis on the oronasal respiratory mode and chewing. In the swallowing of solids, inconsistent lip closure and residues were observed. In speech, distortions, tongue interposition and reduced intelligibility were frequent.