Avaliação dos efeitos da suplementação de um nutracêutico com potencial simbiótico e treinamento físico sobre a função renal em um modelo de doença renal crônica induzida por nefrectomia 5⁄6

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem that affects about 10% of the world’s population and is characterized by the progressive and irreversible loss of renal function. Among the main factors associated with the development and worsening of CKD are noncommunicable chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM), systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), and obesity, in addition to population aging. Intestinal dysbiosis, an imbalance in the microbiota, has been identified as an important mechanism that contributes to CKD progression due to the production of uremic toxins. In this context, interventions that modulate the intestinal microbiota emerge as potential therapeutic strategies to delay disease progression. This study investigated the combined effects of supplementation with a nutraceutical composed of probiotic strains of Limosilactobacillus fermentum (139, 263, and 296), quercetin, and resveratrol, associated with aerobic physical exercise, on renal function in Wistar rats submitted to 5/6 nephrectomy to induce CKD. The animals were divided into three experimental groups: CKD (n=6), CKD + nutraceutical (n=6), and CKD + nutraceutical + physical training (n=6). At the end of the protocol, the CKD group showed greater body weight gain compared to the others. Nutraceutical supplementation significantly reduced this increase (43.54 ± 11.7 vs. 61.52 ± 9.6, p = 0.0186), an effect also observed in the CKD + NUT + TF group (46.21 ± 8.4, p = 0.0456 vs. 61.52 ± 9.6). Regarding renal function, the CKD + NUT group showed higher serum levels of creatinine (1.39 ± 0.43 vs. 0.43 ± 0.10 mg/dL; p < 0.001), urea (194.3 ± 78.1 vs. 52.5 ± 16.9, p = 0.003), and total proteins (110.5 ± 5.93 vs. 89.20 ± 6.67, p < 0.0001) when compared to the CKD group, in addition to a significant reduction in creatinine clearance (0.35 ± 0.33 vs. 1.09 ± 0.58, p = 0.0153). On the other hand, the association of the nutraceutical with physical training did not show harmful effects, presenting lower serum creatinine levels (0.58 ± 0.08 vs. 1.39 ± 0.43, p = 0.0002) and proteinuria (87.27 ± 3.47 vs. 110.5 ± 5.93, p < 0.0001). Urine volume and water balance did not present significant differences among the groups. In conclusion, the results suggest that isolated supplementation with the nutraceutical may have imposed renal overload, whereas its association with physical exercise showed potential to attenuate renal damage and preserve kidney function in animals with CKD.