Dinâmica espaço-temporal da cobertura vegetal na APA da Barra do Rio Mamanguape - PB

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of vegetation surrounding and inside the Environmental Protection Area – E.P.A. of Barra do Rio Mamanguape-PB, from the Normalized Difference vegetation Index. Was used topographic maps of 1974, prepared by the Superintendence of Development of the Northeast-SUDENE, plus TM and ETM image sensors on board of the Landsat Satellites 5 and 7, dating from the days February 5th, 1985 and August 4th, 2001 respectively; and used the Multispectral sensor (pushbroom imager) on board of the RapidEye satellite dating from the days October 25th, 2012, December 31st, 2012 and October 20th, 2013. Was realized preprocessing of the images; then, was performed the calculations of the spectral radiance, the apparent reflectance and NDVI. As a result of the spatial and temporal analysis was observed a greater representation of the vegetation in 1974 – which consisted of mangrove vegetation within the E.P.A. and of fragments of Atlantic Forest and Cerrado (sand bank) in the Direct Influence Area. In 1985 the class with dense vegetation was prevalent, and had an area of 53.26 km² in the E.P.A.; in 2001, was observed a reduction of the low vegetation in E.P.A. and a consequent increase in transitional vegetation. In 2012, there was a reduction of the dense vegetation and an increase in the areas of exposed soil and sparse vegetation in both the E.P.A. and in the Direct Influence Area. If concluded that even creating the Conservation Unit, in some areas the forest remnants were not preserved, since those areas – which were characterized for having native vegetation – were replaced by cultivation, thus causing negative impacts.