AÇÃO DE ANTIBIÓTICO NA GERMINAÇÃO E MICROENXERTIA IN VITRO DE Myrciaria jaboticaba (VELL.) BERG

Abstract

The jabuticabeira Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg originally from the Atlantic Forest. Has as the main form of propagation the seeds, it has as characteristics a long interval between sowing and beginning of germination and, after germination, it has a great juvenile period, reflecting in the extractive characteristic of this fruit. The present work aimed to contribute with information about the propagation of M. jaboticaba. The experiments were carried out during the years 2016 and 2017, at the Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, in the Centro de Ciências Agrárias, of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba (LABCULTIVE/CCA/UFPB). In chapter 1 were tried to obtain the in vitro germination of the jabuticabeira for this purpose. Two types of liquid and semi-solid culture medium ½ MS were tested, in which seeds that underwent the following treatments were sown: seeds soaked for 24 hours in autoclaved water; Seeds soaked for 24 hours in autoclaved water + antibiotic in imbibition; Seeds embedded for 24 hours in autoclaved water + antibiotic in the culture medium. Were evaluated the germination speed index, presence of oxidation, contamination, number of roots and leaves, length of bigger root and aerial part. In Chapter 2 seedlings from in vitro germinations were tested for the potential of micro grafting in vitro. The micro graftings were carried out having as rootstock the seedlings that were developed in vitro and as graft: 1- cuttings also coming from the culture in vitro; 2 - culture cuttings ex vitro of a plant from the developmental condition in the field, whose branches were treated with antibiotic for 24 hours and 3 - culture cuttings ex vitro of a plant coming from a field development condition, branches were not immersed in the antibiotic. All the cuttings contained a pair of axillary gems. The percentage of graft adhesion, contamination and mortality were evaluated. In relation to the type of culture medium, the liquid provided a better average for germination (84%), IVG (0.568%). There was no statistical difference in any of the analyzed variables in relation to the antibiotic imbibition use or not. In mycorrhiza, the highest percentage of survival (80%) was obtained when both the graft and the rootstock were used. The liquid culture medium provided better results when compared to semi-solid medium, as well as the non-use of the antibiotic and the use of the same in the imbibition of the seeds; The use of antibiotics in the culture medium probably had phytotoxic action; The micro grafting survival was obtained when using the rootstock and grafting of seedlings from the in vitro culture.