Caracterização química de óleos essenciais de quatro espécies da família Lamiaceae : Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit, Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit, Hyptis martiusii Benth. e Rhaphiodon echinus (Nees & Mart.) Schauer.

Abstract

The Lamiaceae family is composed of approximately 240 genus and 7200 species. In Bra zil, are found 32 genus e 496 species, many of these are endemic to the semiarid northeast. We can detach the Hyptis genus which presents great variability of secondary metabolites, especially the essential oils that have great value in many communities be cause of its therapeutic properties. Another representative of the Lamiaceae family in the Caatinga is the Rhaphiodon genus, monotypic, consist of a single species, the Rhaphiodon echinus (Nees & Mart.) Schauer, considered as characteristic of this region. Due to the richness in essential oil of many species of the Lamiaceae family, it was decided to study the aerial parts of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit , Hyptis pectinata ( L.) Poit , Hyptis martiusii Benth. e Rhaphiodon echinus (Nees & Mart.) Schauer . The ext raction of volatile compounds was made by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus and characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry ( GC - MS). After the analysis of the essential oil of H. suaveolens , H. pectinata, H. martiusii, and R. echinus , was possible to identify 94,31 % , 87,88%, 85,45% , and 98,67%, respectively, of total oil in a complex mixture. The chemical constitution determined that eucalyptol (35,8%) is the major constituent in H. suaveolens , caryophyllene (30,2%) in H. pecti nata, α - cadinol (36,0%) in H. martiusii , and epi - α - cadinol (48,84%) in R. echinus, consistent with the chemical composition of essential oils of other species of Lamiaceae. These data contribute to the chemotaxonomic knowledge of the Hyptis and Rhaphiodon genus, well as of the species studied.