Avaliação química e nutricional de couve (Brassica oleraceae var. acephala) desidratada e aplicação em formulações de pão de forma

Abstract

In the present study the objective was to obtain dehydrated from a variety manteiga( Georgia) of the Brazilian Northeast kale (Brassica oleraceae L. var. acephala), and characterize it chemically and nutritionally in natura and bleached and quantify the nutrient losses and other component losses, resulting from the bleaching process. Dehydrated bleached kale was added to the loaf bread formulation, in the concentrations of 2.5% and 5%, for physical-chemical, sensorial and chemical composition analysis. A regular loaf bread was used as control group. In the not blanched kale predominated: fiber (4.36g/100g), calcium (277.2 mg/100g), potassium (468.37 mg/100g), chlorophyll (133 mg/100g and total phenolic (93.6 mg/100g). As for the blanched kale, the was significant reduction (p<0.05) in the concentrations of zinc (40%), calcium (29%), copper (20%), ascorbic acid (17%) and total phenolic (29%), but the calcium amount after bleaching process was sufficient to classify this kale as font of this nutrient. In regards to the dehydrated bleached kales, high levels of fibers (39.52g/100g), calcium (2065 mg/100g), potassium (2924.5 mg/100g), phosphor (806 mg/100g), magnesium (665.5 mg/100g), iron (11,6 mg/100g) e manganese (2,67 mg/100g) were observed, which are quantities higher than recommended for daily ingestion. Among the antioxidants stood out: chlorophyll (420.3 mg/100g) and total phenolic (224.6 mg/100g). To the quantity of oxalic acid (18.43 mg/100g) in the dehydrated bleached kale was below of the boundary of the considered a risk to health. Despite the losses observed in all of these components, due to bleaching, the quantities held were sufficient to ensure its nutritional value. The addition of dehydrated bleached kale did not interfere in the specific volume of the bread, which ranged from 4.08 to 4.57cm3/g, and the water activity level was 0.95, so the final product had satisfactory technological characteristics. In sensorial analysis, the kale breads had good acceptance, with average scores ranging from 6.5 to 8.4, its softness standing out. The color of the 5% kale bred was the only attribute that lost in comparison to the regular bread. Therefore, the use of dehydrated bleached kale in the formulation of bread loaf resulted in products with good sensorial acceptance, increments in nutritional value, besides offering the consumer a new option of loaf bread.