Uma análise do emprego no setor da construção civil nos estados do nordeste brasileiro: qualidade do emprego formal e o retorno da educação

Abstract

The Construction Industry has gained prominence on the national scene due to its ability to generate employment, and absorb much of the disqualified labor. On that perspective, this research aims to measure the quality of formal employment and quantify the impact of schooling on income of Construction Industry workers in the states of Northeast Brazil. In order to do that, there will be built two independent, however related, essays. The first proposes the implementation of a Quality Index of Formal Employment - IQEF in order to monitor the behavior of the quality of employment in the formal labor market in this sector. The second essay aims to investigate the return of schooling in relation to the worker's salary. It will be adopted Mincer s yield equations (1974) and two estimation procedures based on empirical models. The first aims to exclude possible bias problem with selectivity and sample and was estimated based on the Heckman Model, considering that the salary depends not only on the labor supply and wages offered by the market contracted, but also on the implicit reservation wage of the agent. The second model uses Quantilic Regression technique which allows to analyze the contemporary association between the dependent variable (salary) with the explanatory variables (education and other individual characteristics) in different quantiles of the conditional distribution. The main characteristics found on this study are that, despite the growth in the number of workers, the Construction Industry did not show an evolution in the quality of formal employment in the northeastern states and that schooling has a positive and significant impact on estimates of all states the Northeast to the Heckman model. The technique of quantilic regression showed that both for workers with higher wages as for workers with lower wages the return to education is higher than the return of workers with wages close to the average.