Transformações recentes no emprego formal da indústria de transformação do Brasil: evidências para as décadas de 1990 e 2000

Abstract

This work investigates the behavior of formal employment in the Brazilian manufacturing industry and changes in the level of specialization of its production structure from the 1990. The information used was obtained from the RAIS database. The regional distribution of employment and salaries was measured by the Gini and indexes of participation, to identify clusters of employment, according to the microregions, adopted the LISA, to measure the specialization of regional industrial structures we used the K-index. The results showed distinct behaviors of industrial employment in the decades of 1990 and 2000. At first, the changes in the internal and external macroeconomic restrict its capacity of generate occupations by the industrial sector, implying the loss of its relative participation in employment front of the tertiary sector. In 2000, facing a favorable internal and external scenario we observed a recovery in industrial employment, although with reduced salary levels despite the increase the level of education of workers. Since 1994, there has been a dislocation in employment towards the less developed regions. The spatial redistribution of the companies mainly affected intensive segments in the natural resources and labor. The results allow us see that most of the adjustments suffered by Brazilian industry, in the analyzed period, was transferred to the working class, either through higher unemployment, or by reduction in salary levels. Also conclude that companies relocated, rather than contribute to alleviate the regional disparities, benefited these to increase its competitiveness.