Mecanismos de adesão em sistemas cerâmicos aderidos sujeitos à variações térmicas cíclicas

Abstract

The fall of ceramic tile elements in facades is a problem that still persists in countries with more then two hundred years of experience. Although there are several parameters considered important in many standards, the effects of sun rays radiation on heat transfer and its combined effect with the color of the elements are not considered. As far as temperature is concerned, standards are mostly focused on stresses generated by thermal expansion. Although temperature affects cement hydration, which is the main material used to produce facade adhesives, studies on the effect of theses parameters on the pathologies associated with tile falls is very incipient. The aim of this work is to investigate the mechanical behavior of ceramic tile beams bonded with commercial Portland cement based adhesives and geopolymerics adhesives subjected to cyclic thermal variations, proposing new materials adhesives (sustanaible) and new propositions review. First, several field cases were studied in order to assess the main features of damaged facades. It has been observed that most bond problems occurred at the ceramic tile and the adhesive material interface. Also, facades with greater damage were oriented towards greater exposure of sun rays, which temperature gradient was as high as 55oC between day and night and also between color types. A laboratory systematic study was designed to simulate real thermal cicles as in structure conditions. Test parameters where temperature exposure, type adhesives and color ceramic tile. The cyclical temperature regime was produced in an irradiation chamber designed to reach 55ºC in a black globe for one, three and seven days. The adhesion was evaluated for mechanical pull tests (NBR 14084). The experimental results confirmed that failure happens at the ceramic-adhesive interface and, also, that temperature has a negative effect on the adhesive commercial Portland cement and positive for geopolymerics adhesives The greater the temperature, the lower the adhesion, especially when the adhesive thickness increases. The results help to supply both scientific bases to understand adhesive properties of tile facades.