Estudo sobre mortalidade, co-morbidades, adesão ao tratamento e sobrevida de pacientes portadores de câncer bucal em Campina Grande PB.

Abstract

Introduction: Oral cancer is a public health problem in Brazil, taking into consideration the high incidence and co-morbidities, mainly due to aggressive surgery to treat advanced tumors. Objectives: To determine the mortality, co-morbidities, treatment adherence and survival of patients with mouth malignant neoplasm seen at the Center for Oral Cancer Prevention from the Oncology Center Ulisses Pinto, FAP Hospital - Campina Grande-PB between 1999 and 2008. Materials and Methods: it was performed data collection from medical records of all patients with mouth malignant neoplasm diagnosed between 1999 and 2008. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and the chi-square and Pearson correlation were applied considering significant p values ≤ 0.05. Results: Of the total sample of 473 oral cancer cases, it was observed that 62.71% were males, 65.5 ± 13 mean age and 59.96% were Caucasian. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most prevalent histological type (86.2%) and tongue (29.6%) was the main anatomical site affected. Most injuries were diagnosed in clinical stages III and IV. It was observed 25.42% mortality rate, with median overall prevalent survival among 6-12 months. Co-morbidities occurred in 51.69% of patients, the most prevalent were hypertension, diabetes and depression. Oral co-morbidities occurred in 52.54% of patients, xerostomia was the most prevalent with 32%, followed by mucositis (27.1%) and dysphagia (19.5%). Regarding treatment adherence, it was observed that 82.63% adhered to treatment. There was statistically significant association between the following variables: mortality and TNM classification (p = 0.026), type of treatment (p = 0.027), survival (p = 0.000) and treatment adherence (p = 0.000); the overall co-morbidity rate was significantly associated with gender (p = 0.034) and age (p = 0.040); and the adherence to treatment was associated with age (p = 0.009) and mortality (p = 0.000). The survival rate was significantly associated with TNM classification (p = 0.026) and mortality p = 0.000. Conclusion: Considering the results it is concluded that oral cancer has high mortality rate and low survival rate, being influenced by treatment and TNM classification; there was high prevalence of overall co-morbidities: hypertension, diabetes and depression were the most prevalent; The prevalence of oral co-morbidities was high, being the xerostomia, mucositis and dysphagia the most frequent; most individuals adhered to treatment and this variable influenced the mortality rate and patient survival; survival of patients was influenced by mortality and TNM classification.