Avaliação das condições de saúde bucal em pacientes pediátricos infectados pelo hiv: estudo caso-controle

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to assess the oral health status of children infected with HIV virus. A prospective, observational, descriptive, case-control study was carried out in the city of João Pessoa, PB, Brazil. The sample consisted of a study group (SG) made up of 21 children infected with HIV in treatment at the Infectology Unit of the Clementino Fraga Hospital Complex and a control group (CG) of 28 children with no history of HIV infection covered by the Jardim Miramar II Family Health Program. Dental caries indices, (DMFT and deft), gingival status indices (VPI, GBA, OHI-S), resting and stimulated salivary flow and salivary buffer capacity were determined. The deft index was 3.19 ± 3.21(95%CI 1.73-4.66) in the SG and 2.54 ± 1.9 (95%CI 1.78-3.29) in the CG; the DMFT was 3.52 ± 2.6 (95%CI 2.34-4.71) in the SG and 1.32 ± 1.4 (95%CI 0.74-1.90) in the CG (p=0.002). There were statistically significant differences between groups in the decayed component for both the primary (p=0.02) and permanent (p<0.0001) dentition as well as in the filled component for the primary dentition (p<0.0001). The presence of visible biofilm was 52.9% in the SG and 47.1% in the CG (p=0.031). Gingivitis, measured by the gingival bleeding index (GBI) was absent in 57.1% of the SG and 78.5% of the CG (p=0.09). There was a difference between groups in resting saliva flow (p=0.01). There was a high frequency of caries in the SG. The most prevalent need for treatment in the SG was extraction, whereas the most prevalent treatment need in the CG was for procedures of low complexity. The organization of services is suggested for addressing this clinical demand and a health promotion program should be implemented for this population.