Caracterização química, avaliação da toxicidade e atividade moluscicida dos óleos essenciais da folha de pimenta dióica Lindl, casca de Citrus limon Linneo e Rizoma de Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Abstract

The use of plant molluscicide in controlling schistosomiasis has motivated the survey in the search for new, among them the essential oils. This survey, the essential oils extracted from the leaves of Pepper dioica Lindl, bark of Citrus limon Linneo and Rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe through hydrodistillation, determining the physico-chemical properties, quantifying the majority and minority components of each essential oil by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS), where the majority constituent of Pepper dioca Lindl was eugenol, content of 85.673 %, in Citrus limon Linneo, the majority was limonene, 48.996 % and Zingiber officinale Roscoe, where the was zingibereno, with 27.14 %, characterizing by in the region infrared spectrometry compared with the standards. The results showed an income (m/m) 1.80 % for oil Pepper dioica Lindl 0.96 % for Citrus limon Linneo and 0.71 % of Zingiber officinale Roscoe. These oils have been tested for toxicity (lethality test with Artemia salina), using the criterion of Dolabella and as a molluscicide, through the technique recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Estimated the lethal concentration (Lc50) of oils beyond the limit of the 95 % interval by Reed-Muench and Pizzi respectively. Between the analysed oils in this research, the extracted from the peel of Citrus limon Linneo were consedered to be nontoxic with Lc50 263,03 mg.L-1, achieving the best result as a molluscicide with Lc50 activity 13, 18 mg.L-1, thus being the most active front in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata in comparation with the oil stracted of Pepper dioca Lindl and the oil of the rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe that Lc50 from 39,81 and 56,2 mg.L-1, respectively being actives.