Avaliação de impactos ambientais causados por metais traço em água, sedimento e material biológico na Baia de São Marcos, São Luís - Maranhão

Abstract

The present work shows an assessment of the environmental conditions of São Marcos Bay in the trace metal (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Fe, Al and Mn) levels in water, sediment and fish. For this evaluation three points of collections were selected in the proximities of the Itaqui port, considering the drought and rain periods and the tide conditions. Physico-chemical parameters of the water were evaluated, such as: pH, temperature, salinity and conductivity. The results for these analyses showed that just the salinity (30 ) presented a value below the minimum indicated to characterize as saline water. The other parameters are in agreement with the expected for this type of water. The ecotoxicity test in the water of the Bay demonstrated poisonous effects in all sampling points, therefore confirmed the presence of substances that influence on the system in São Marcos Bay. The quantification of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Fe, Al and Mn metals was carried out with Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) thecnique while Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with mercury film electrode was used to determine the other metals that were not quantified by ICP-OES in water samples. Fe and Al concentrations were the most abundant elements in water and sediment with 5,41 and 7,82 mg L-1 average in water for Fe and Al, respectively and 3427 and 4200 mg L-1 maximum for Fe and Al in sediments. For the fish samples only the Pb, Cd and Ni metals were not detected. The CONAMA 357/05 resolution was used for water results discussion and ANVISA 685/08 for the fish results discussion.