Diálogo e ética: marcas da heterogeneidade constitutiva no ensaio para uma filosofia do ato responsável de Bakhtin

Abstract

This research is developed from two categories dear to Bakhtinian thought, dialogue and ethics, and seeks to delimit some philosophical assumptions underlying the Bakhtinian theory of language. We therefore provide an analytical reading of the essay written approximately between the years 1920 to 1924, whose text, considered a fragment, has the following title: For a Philosophy of the Responsible Act (hereafter referred to in this paper as PFAR) by Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin (1895-1975). The corpus chosen, whose hermetic nature is unfinished, imposes difficulties and motivates this work, which covers two moments: reading as a documental research and the interpretative analysis of the passages in the light of the methodological theory, which makes it possible to find philosophical assumptions in the Bakhtinian Theory of Language. In this way, one can clarify the constitutive heterogeneity by Authier-Revuz (1982, 1990, 1998, 2004, and 2007) and of the voices in the Bakhtinian text, given that not always do these appear in an explicit form when the categories, ethics and dialogism, are developed. From this author we work, especially, with the concepts of shown and constituted heterogeneity, in an approach that requires of the author a positioning and a justification for the reasons that result in his choices. In this way, this task is beyond the identification of discursive heterogeneity. The intention, here, is to characterize Kierkegaard ([1844] 2010) and Buber ([1923] 2001) as the presumed philosophers in Bakhtin ([1920-24] 2010). These theories are important: Ponzio (2010), Faraco (2010a), Tezza (2003) e Sobral (2005a, 2005b, 2009, 2010). With this in mind, specific procedures are necessary, which provide the systematic analysis and the interpretation of the data. In this way, the methodology has an exploratory character and an interpretative stamp. It remains to be seen if the Bakhinian conception of ethics and of dialogism presents discursive heterogeneity with the thoughts of Kierkegaard ([1844] 2010) and Buber ([1923] 2001) are consist of the trademarks of constitutive heterogeneity of language, respectively.