Caracterização de Lodos e Efluentes Industriais gerados por uma Empresa de Beneficiamento de Argilas visando o atendimento a PNRS

Abstract

In the industrial segment the comprehension of the characteristics of solid and liquid materials used as raw materials, whether dangerous or not, is key to their sustainable management in manufacturing products, knowing that the heterogeneity of the wastes generated limit their reuse. This work adressed the characterization of sludges and effluents derived from tests in the quality control department of a beneficiation of clays industry, aiming to present treatment and disposal alternatives in accordance with the National Policy on Solid Waste (PNRS). Analyses of pH, salinity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), bulk density, moisture content and total solids (TS – fixed and volatile) were conducted. It was observed that the sludges had high load inorganic material (L1, L2, L4 and L5), being only the sludge L3 with high load volatile organic matter, due to the solvents present. From the characterization of wet sludge (“in natura”) and dried (dehydrated and calcinated) by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and IR spectroscopy, it was found that there was preservation of the typical character of clay and the presence of activating agent. According to BET analyses and point of zero charge (PZC), various sludges had low surface areas, indicating that there would be difficulty in applying them as an adsorbent for the removal of pollutants in wastewater, but they can be incorporated into cementitious materials and glasses. Moreover, sludge L3 can be indicated as a source of energy for coprocessing in cement industry. As for the effluents, tests for specific reuse of three effluents (E1, E3 and E5) were conducted, indicating preliminarily that each of them can be reused, either in the laboratory, as a fuel, or in the original process.