Conceitos de calor e temperatura sob a ótica do momento pedagógico de problematização inicial

Abstract

This research was performed in the State School Immaculate Conception in the city of Cabedelo, with 40 high school students. For this work were developed two learning situations (SA) focusing on the "initial questioning," three stages of the first of a dynamic call pedagogical moments proposed by Delizoicov. To guide the implementation of the SA was developed a teaching situation (SE). The SA were developed with students in the form of texts containing history of Science and questions where students should discuss, argue and develop a response to questions about the text and the daily about the heat and temperature concepts. Completing the practice a pre-test with multiple choice questions about the concepts of heat and temperature was applied. The students' answers were analyzed using the approach of conceptual profiles proposed by Mortimer. The ideas expressed by students were confronted with current scientific ideas to diagnose conceptual cognitive barriers. In the analysis of students' responses to the SA were identified 25 conceptual cognitive barriers, of which 10 were in the category related to cold concepts, heat and temperature, and were classified as belonging to the animist areas, substantialistic and realistic conceptual profile. In the pre-test were identified 9, these two had already been identified in the responses of the students regarding the SA. These 9 conceptual cognitive barriers were classified as belonging to the substantialist and realistic areas of conceptual profile. These conceptual cognitive barriers should be considered by the teacher during the development of classes and, with it, the teacher should seek to develop practices aimed at overcoming them, should make students aware of the need to build new knowledge (scientific) that may better explain phenomena occurring daily, and causing them to rethink about the world they live in.