Caracterização de ambientes agrícolas e dos principais solos do município de Guarabira – PB

Abstract

The knowledge the great diversity of soils in the landscape is through the survey of data related to the nature of the soils, their physical, chemical, mineralogical, and biological properties, their geographical distribution and territorial extension. Only in this way will it be possible to comprehend the particularities of each soil, its environment of occurrence and to carry out a better handling and conservation of them, in the sense of obtaining greater agricultural productivity. The aim of this work were to characterise the different agricultural environments and the main soils in the municipality of Guarabira – PB, to know the physical and chemical characteristics of these soils, to discuss their main agricultural potentialities and limitations of use. In order to help with the work in the countryside, a cartographic base was elaborated to gave rise to the tematics maps. According to the classes of slope, 13 areas were chosen for the opening of the soil profiles, which were analysed for their morphological, physical and chemical characteristics. According to the physical characteristics of the municipality, it was possible to distinguish three large agricultural environments: I – Brejo Region, II – Brejo - Caatinga transition Region, and III – Caatinga Region. Environment I comprises a set of soils order Ultisol with regular availability of nutrients, however they are acid, rather susceptible to erosion and they have difficult mechanisation, being more indicated for the preservation of fauna and flora. In Environment II, it Ultisols and Entisols predominate. The Ultisols are similar to those in Environment I, and they are the most indicated for agricultural use, given the condition in which they are found in waved relief and soft-waved relief. The Entisol Ustifluvent has a rather high nutritional potential, able to be used in farming allotments of handling levels A, B and regular in handling level C. On the other hand, the Litolic Soil, even though it presents severe physical restrictions and low humidity, offers chemical attributes that minimise such restrictions. In Environment III, Alfisols Natrustalfs and Haplustalfs predominate, with severe restrictions for agricultural use, although with a natural high fertility that contributes to the development of most of the regional farming.