Produção e qualidade da variedade local de feijão Gurgutuba em resposta a diferentes adubações

Abstract

Beans are a food that occupies a notable place in the daily diet of the Brazilian population. Brazil is the second biggest producer and the biggest world consumer per capita of this legume. In the state of Paraíba, beans are the second most produced product, the seeds being of local varieties or creole ones, which are the most cultivated. This research has as its goal the evaluation of the interference of different sources of fertilizers in the characteristics of the production and in the quality of the cultivation of the local purple Gurgutuba bean. This study was conducted in the experimental Field of UFPB (Paraíba Federal University) – Campus III, Bananeiras- PB, in the period of august to december of 2015. The seeds were acquired from a family farming community in Serraria, Paraíba. The experimental outline were in casualized blocks, with seven treatments and four repetitions, totaling twenty eight parcels. The parcels were constituted by three lines of 3 meters, the spacing between the parcels were of 1 meter and spacing between blocks were 2 meters. The productive area was formed by the central line with six plants. The treatments were constituted by: witness treatment (without fertilizer); treatment 1 (bovine manure); treatment 2 (bovine compost); treatment 3 (mineral fertilizer: NPK); treatment 4 (organomineral fertilizer); treatment 5 (goat compost plus organomineral leaf-based fertilizer at 5%) and treatment 6 (goat compost plus leaf-based fertilizer at 10%). Analysis of leaf chlorofil index have been made with ClorofiLOG® model CFL 1030, the measures of gas exchanges were made with Infrared Gas Analyzer – IRGA, components of production, productivity, chemical composition and energetic value of the bean. The data was submitted to the analysis of variance by the test F, and the averages were compared amongst each other by the Tukey test, at 5% of significance. The biggest contents of chlorofil a, b and TL have been observed in the plants of the treatment with bovine compost. The biggest rate of liquid photosynthesis have been observed in the witness treatment, an elevated temperature has been observed in the leaves of the plants of all treatments and an elevated stomatal conductance has been observed with mineral fertilizer. The plants in the treatment with mineral fertilizer were the ones that presented the greatest values of production. In the contents of fiber, lipids, humidity, carbohydrate, ashes and energetic value, differences have been observed. The biggest content of carbohydrate and energetic value were expressed in the grains of the witness treatment. Cultivating Gurgutuba beans submitted to several sources of fertilizers has been shown to have an influence in most of the analyzed aspects, which have evidenced productivities superior to those of the rest of Brazil, Northeast and the state of Paraíba in relation to the year of 2015.