O arquétipo da serpente nos textos semíticos: a intelecção interpretativa no contexto histórico-social egípcio, mesopotâmico e hebraico

Abstract

The origin of mythic narrative is recognized in all ancient traditions. During this period its relationship with the sacred was intrinsically present in everyday acts, without any distinction between the sacred and the profane because their activities were conditioned with divine in such a way that in the early stages the relation of the cultivation of plants and everything that came from the groud, the earth for the survival, was a depiction, a portrayal of Mother when she was related to fertilizing streghth. This way we find the Mother as a divine portrayal, the same way as there is also an identification of animals in such a way when they are food, nourishment. Their sacrifice indicated a sacral idea and that episode ocurred in a ritual, ceremony. Our main objective was to analise the mythic serpent in four semitic texts: the hymn to Ptah; The Gilgamesh epopee; The Elish enema and , The hebraic myth of creation. Therefore we historically contextualized the semitic traditions, especially the Egiptian, the Mesopotamia, (Sumerian, Babylon) and Israel. Consequently, we have also started a research on the mythic serpent on these traditions in evidence. The myths about the origin give us support to understand the serpent archetype, as we have seen that its symbolic representation indicates the polarities as well as a cyclical journey. To do só it was applied the yunguian analitic instrumentation when it develops the archetype concept, mainly in the title: “The archetypes and the collective unconsciousness.” Methodologically, it was used the comparative and symbolic hermeneutics of Mircea Eliade, mainly in its titles “The sacred and the profane” and “The myth of the eternal return”, as well as an effort to interlace the vision that leads, indicates according to Carlo Ginsburg in the interpretative understanding of critique hermeneutics, in other words, throughout the clues found in the texts.