Qualidade da dieta e fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em adolescentes da rede publica de ensino de João Pessoa-PB

Abstract

Although clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are observed, usually in the adult stage of life, there is strong evidence that these disorders can begin in adolescence. Few people who get a moderate to high risk for CVD at this stage can reverse this situation as an adult, which makes the monitoring of risk factors important element for detecting predisposition to the development of CVD in this population. Dietary modifications should form the basis for prevention of CVD, may reflect favorable changes in measurable risk factors. Dietary indices, such as the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) has been valid strategies for monitoring the power of a given population, and verification of cause and effect relationships in epidemiological studies. In Brazil, the HEI was adapted creating the Diet Quality Index Revised (DQI-R). This study aimed to analyze the relationship between diet quality and risk factors for CVD among adolescent students. Cross-sectional study with adolescents (N = 1077), between 10 and 12 years, of both sexes, enrolled in the sixth year of public schools in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Risk factors for CVD were assessed: physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, increased waist circumference, overweight and high blood pressure. Food consumption was obtained using two recalls 24 h (R24h), being measured on a sub-sample. To evaluate the diet quality was used IQD-R. Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify the variables associated with HEI-R, (p <0.005). Less time in sedentary behavior (OR = 1.39, CI = 1.03 to 1.87%), as well as maternal education (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.81) were associated with higher IQD-R scores There was inadequate consumption of "whole fruit" (1.2 points, SD = 2.1), "whole grains" (1.3 points, SD = 1.6) and "dairy products" (2 0 points, SD = 3.0) and food represented by the "solid fat and added sugar and alcohol" (7.9 points, SD = 6.3). It emphasizes the importance of guidance for the reduction of sedentary behavior and actions to encourage the practice of healthy eating among adolescents.