Uma Nova Abordagem para Identificação e Reconhecimento de Marcos Naturais Utilizando Sensores RGB-D

Abstract

With the advance in the research of mobile robots localization algorithms, the need for natural landmark identification and recognition has increased. The detection of natural landmarks is a challenging task because their appearance can be different in shape and design and, as well, they suffer influence of the environment illumination. As an example, a typical 2D object recognition algorithm may not be able to handle the large optical variety of doors and staircases in large corridors. On another direction, recent improvements in low-cost 3D sensors (of the type RGB-D) enable robots to perceive the environment as a 3D spatial structure. Thus, using this new technology, an algorithm for natural landmark identification and recognition based on images acquired from an RGB-D camera is proposed. Basically, during the identification phase that is a first step for working with landmarks, the algorithm exploits the basic structural knowledge about the landmarks by extracting their edges and creating a cloud of edge points. In the next, the recognition phase, the edges are used with a proposed on-the-fly unsupervised recognition algorithm in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach in recognizing doors and staircases. Two methods of recognition have been proposed and results show that a general technique of the two methods passes from the 96 of accuracy. Future approaches propose a mix of these two methods for better results of recognition, as well as inclusion of new objects such as drinking fountains, dumps and compare this modified approach with other approaches that require training, such as nearest K-neighbors, Bayes and neural networks .