Relação entre duração do sono e consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados em adolescentes escolares em João Pessoa - PB

Abstract

Adolescence is a phase of life characterized by major physical and social changes, one of them being the duration of the sleep-wake cycle. Reducing sleep hours may result in increased hunger and food intake. In addition, factors such as socioeconomic status and increased social life, common in adolescence, can lead to reduced hours of sleep, which in addition to generating an increase in appetite, generates a preference for foods more caloric like ultraprocessed. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between sleep duration and consumption of ultraprocessed foods by school adolescents in João Pessoa - PB. Were analyzed data from 1438 adolescents from both sexes aged 10 to 14 years part of the baseline of the Longitudinal Study on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Eating Habits and Adolescent Health – LONCAAFS, collected in 2014. Socio-demographic, sleep duration and food consumption data were evaluated. The sleep duration measure was evaluated through a questionnaire and food consumption was obtained by two 24h Reminders (R24h), one being applied in a sub-sample. The food items were classified according to the classification NOVA that accompanies the extension and the degree of industrial processing, in four groups: in natura or minimally processed, culinary ingredients, processed and ultraprocessed. To characterize the sample, the data were presented in absolute and relative frequency, according to sleep duration. The association between sleep and ultraprocessed consumption was made using the Pearson chi-square test. The percentage of energy from ultraprocessed food consumption was 43%. Among the adolescents between 12 and 14 years old, who are the majority of the study, 54.3% have the recommended sleep duration for the age group, from 9 to 11h. 57.1% of students with normal or low weight sleep between 9-11h per day, while 51.1% of those with overweight and obesity sleep the same amount of time. Among adolescents who sleep from 9 to 11 a day, 26.75% consume a high amount of UP. There was no statistically significant association between sleep duration variables and consumption of ultraprocessed foods. (p = 0.598). Despite the non-existence of association, giving how the growing consumption of ultraprocessed foods in relation to fresh and minimally processed foods, it is important to pay attemption to its consumption, considering that they are a factor of influence in the increase the intake of nutrients such as fats, refined carbohydrates and sodium, and may have future effects on the health and nutrition of individuals.