A proposta de redação do ENEM e a apropriação do discurso de outrem nos textos dos candidatos

Abstract

One of the most relevant themes in the area of enunciation theory is the one that proposes the resumption analysis of others discourse. Socially, there are several situations in which the I needs to assuming an axiological position and, for that, it is fundamental that it elaborates arguments that are constructed from the discourse resumption of other subjects. In this sense, the present work has the objective of analyzing the appropriation modes of others discourse present in essays of the Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) in 2014, demonstrating how this enunciative-discursive phenomenon is presented in the thread of speech. In addition, we are going to investigate how subjects articulate the discourses of the motivational texts and their acquired knowledge throughout life to construct the argumentation. On this, we are also going to do an analysis of the ENEM writing proposal in that year. We are going to use as main theoretical contribution the enunciating considerations of Bakhtin / Volochinov (1999/2002), Bakhtin (1997), Brait (2005), Faraco (2003), Fiorin (2006) and Sobral (2009). In order to discuss the production of text in the Enem, we return to the considerations of the Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisa Anísio Teixeira (Inep), linked to the Ministry of Education (MEC), Guia do participante do Enem 2013, Abreu (2007), Barros 2007), Portela (2007), among others. Methodologically, the research is on bibliographical and documentary basis, and the corpus, composed of four writings and a fragment of another one, was collected in two Internet sites. We conclude that the transmission schemes of the discourse of others are forms by which there are marks of the subjectivity of the enunciating subject. In the elaboration of the argumentative discourse, the subjects evoke countless voices, both those present in the proposal and those that are outside of it and construct a consistent argumentation and, with these reported discourses, the subjects agree, disagree, polemize, etc., establishing different social attitudes towards others voice. The analysis also shows that the proposal for 2014 composing has already assumed two delimited points of view: the regulation of children's advertising in Brazil, and the children preparation to become conscious and responsible consumers in the future. Therefore, the point of view defended by the subjects also followed this same path, since the proposal itself conditions them the taking of this positioning.