Trabalho e previdência social no Brasil: uma análise da desigualdade por gênero

Abstract

This paper proposes to analyze the process of organization and restructuring of social security in Brazil as a result of the historical changes in the labor market, with emphasis on the impacts on women's work. In this context, we are to understand how the market of and gender inequality is configured in the current socio-economic scenario as possible consequences after a proposal to change the social welfare rules in the country. Even with advances in labor rights over time, Social Security has been undergoing changes in its rules with the justification of growing budget deficits due to demographic changes. On the other hand, we do not take into consideration the precarious conditions of work and the process of social inequalities that mark the Brazilian society. To address the issue, it became necessary to conduct a theoretical review based on the historical evolution of social security in order to understand the current and future terms of social security reform. As for the methodological aspects, the study is characterized as descriptive and bibliographical research. Statistical data were collected from official bodies such as the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the Ministry of Labor and Social Security. It was possible to observe that a great part of the women are in work with lower qualification and of low income, with emphasis on the domestic work, having as consequence, lower rates of social security contribution. One of the points under discussion in the current Brazilian pension reform refers to the fairness of the contribution years between the sexes. If this happens, as women contribute less to social security, by disregarding the aspects that mark the gender inequalities in the different historical, social, political and economic dimensions, the reform may contribute to the expansion of social inequalities in the country.