Prevalência e considerações clínicas das lesões cervicais não cariosas em pacientes atendidos na clínica de dentística da UFPB

Abstract

Introduction: Non-Carious Cervical Lesions have been observed more frequently in clinical dental practice. They are characterized by the loss of hard tissue at the level of the cementoenamel junction, which, when promoting dentine exposure, may or may not cause dentin hypersensitivity. The presence of these lesions does not come from the bacterial involvement and they present themselves in three ways: abrasion, erosion and abfraction. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of non-carious cervical lesions in the clinical files of the patients treated at the Dentistry II clinic of the UFPB. Methodology: This scientific research was carried out at the Dentistry Clinic II of the UFPB. The research sample consisted of 270 clinical files comprised between the academic periods 2014.2 to 2016.1 of the patients attended at the clinic, from which a probabilistic sample was obtained, consisting of 76 clinical files with the presence of Non-Carious Cervical Injury. The data collection was done using a form, prepared by the researcher herself. The collection form consisted of the types of Non-Carious Cervical Lesions, of the dental faces involved and whether or not there was presence of dentin hypersensitivity. The data were tabulated and later analyzed using descriptive statistics using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20.0 and Fisher's exact test. Results: 249 Non-Carious Cervical Lesions were found. The overall prevalence of non-carious cervical lesions was 28%. The abfraction lesion was the most prevalent with 34.1%, the most frequent dental face was the vestibular with 52.1% and the dentin hypersensitivity was observed in 52% of the reported cases. Conclusion: The prevalence of LCNCs is similar to that found in the literature; the abfraction lesion was the one with the highest prevalence in the patients, followed by the abrasion and erosion lesion; the dental face most affected by LCNCs was the vestibular face, followed by the lingual and distal faces; dentin hypersensitivity is significantly related to non-carious cervical lesions and has been observed in more than half of the cases evaluated.