A implementação de zeis em áreas de preservação no município de Bayeux- PB e suas implicações socioambientais

Abstract

The objective of this study is to verify, through sustainability indicators, the level of efficiency of the implementation of the Special Zones of Social Interest - ZEIS taking into account the conditions of use and occupation of the soil, as well as the conflicts generated by the implementation of ZEIS in preservation areas in the municipality of Bayeux-PB. According to IBGE (2016), the municipality has a high demographic density of 3,507 inhabitants per km². In addition, about 60% of the municipal territory consists of mangroves and remnants of Mata Atlântica. Given this scenario, there is a strong pressure on the preservation zones, as well as problems with the consolidation of the ZEIS in the face of existing legal and socio-environmental obstacles. For the Sustainability Assessment, the evaluation of sustainable neighborhoods (ACT Planning & Land Authority, 2010) was used, where four attributes, Density / Compactness, Socio-spatial Diversity, Accessibility and Urban Ecology were evaluated. In order to obtain the data, research was carried out with the municipal government and a questionnaire was applied in the communities of. And Rio do Meio. The communities were chosen because they presented the three distinct realities of ZElS-4, a zone inserted in bands of environmental protection areas, located in the Macroarea of Conservation and Environmental Recovery, according to the municipal law that regulates the creation of ZEIS. Of the 19 communities included in ZEIS-4, it was found that seven have weak sustainability and twelve have medium sustainability. In the communities investigated, the noncompliance with the constraints imposed by the legislation was verified, generating several environmental impacts. Removal of riparian forests, destruction of native vegetation, release of raw sewage, compaction of the soil, silting and eutrophication of rivers and reduction of the Atlantic Forest fauna and flora. It is concluded that these zones were created without any planning and there is the fulfillment of the requirements established in the legislation. Faced with this, it is necessary that the public power seek a better ordering of the urban environment, focusing on the quality of life of the population and a balanced environment.