Estereótipo éticos e de gênero no naturalismo literário: um Olhar sobre a obra O Bom Crioulo, de Adolfo Caminha

Abstract

He genre is a topic that in the last decades is the subject of several lines of study, mainly in literary studies. The study of gender is quite complex, especially when viewed from the stereotype perspective, since it involves historically constructed cultural and social issues. The issue of the gender stereotype is a present and explicit theme in Adolfo Caminha's naturalistic work, O Bom Crioulo (2014), through the homoaffective relationship between Aleixo and Amaro, in which the social roles of men and women are stereotyped through descriptions of the characters. These gender stereotypes in the work are the result of the very scientific and sociological ideologies that influenced Naturalism. For this reason, the main objective of this work is to analyze, in Adolfo Caminha's The Good Criollo (2014), gender stereotypes in the love relationship between Amaro and Aleixo. Specifically, we aimed to: identify male / female stereotypes in the physical descriptions and behaviors of Amaro and Aleixo throughout the narrative. The research is analytical bibliographical. The study is justified, because the work has not yet been analyzed in this perspective. We use as theoretical basis the studies of Beauvoir (1970), Bourdieu (2002) and Socott (1995) among other authors. It reaffirms the arguments of the theories on gender, showing that the relationship between man and woman is not a question of sex, that is, biological, but social, for although Alexis is a man biologically, he presents himself socially as a woman, outlined in the work with female stereotypes. It also gives visibility to homosexual sexual identity, but at the same time, Caminha denies it, through the alteration in Aleixo's sexuality. In relation to the gender stereotype, it shows that the Negro had no social visibility, since even after the murder of Aleixo, Amaro was not perceived: "No one cared for" the other "with the Negro" (CAMINHA, 2014, p. 96).