Cromoblastomicose: uma abordagem retrospectiva da literatura

Abstract

Chromoblastomycosis is a suppurative, granulomatous, slow progression, fungal infection caused by the traumatic inoculation of melanized fungi in subcutaneous and transcutaneous tissues, being susceptible to morbidity and occupational inactivity. Caused by a variety of pigmented black fungi previously described in the former family of Dematiaceous fungi, they are currently included in the family of dematiaceous fungi, currently they are included in the family Herpotrichiellaceae which comprises the genera Fonsecaea, Cladophialophora, Phialophora, Exophiala, Rhinocladiella, Veronaea, Cyphellophora and Capronia. Its clinically most isolated agents are the species F. pedrosoi, C. carrioni, P. verrucosa, E. dermatitidis, R. aquaspersa. It has worldwide distribution and prevalence in underdeveloped regions of the planet, whose compulsory notification of cases does not exist. Fungi of chromoblastomycosis have been isolated in all continents, most frequently in Africa and South and Central America. In Brazil, there is a prevalence in the Amazon region, where Pará leads in occurrences of the disease in the country. In the laboratory of clinical analysis of the reference hospital in clinical mycology Hospital University Lauro Wanderley (HULW / EBSERH), Paraíba, Brazil, several diagnoses of the illness are found, there being a case report scientifically described until the moment. Before the negligence of reporting cases in the country and difficulty in differential diagnosis of the disease, there is a need to increase the knowledge of clinical practice teams emphasizing the importance of including the disease in the compulsory notification, informing the disease to the official health authorities especially in endemic regions such as the Pará region and remote regions of cases still unknown. This study aimed to review the literature on the topic with emphasis on data update in relation to the clinical, taxonomic, laboratory, epidemiological and therapeutic aspects of cases of chromoblastomycosis in Brazil and in the world.