O impasse agrícola e o fracasso do G20 na Rodada Doha da OMC: limites das coalizões e a reprodução da disparidade de poder.

Abstract

This paper aims to explain the reasons that led the G20 to fail in its demands for agricultural liberalization. The deadlock in 2008 is not only the result of the disagreement between Brazil and India over the terms of the Lamy Package, but also the unfavorable conditions relegated to developing countries for the negotiation process have collaborated to ensure the inevitability of industrialized countries privileges. The institutional design of the WTO as well as the discursive role involved in the proposal of liberalization ensures that developed nations would be able to exert more pressure to conclude agreements and guarantee the realization of their interests. This legacy of the GATT was perpetuated, and the G20, although it had a favorable external weight and a range of actors interested in broadening its bargaining power vis-à-vis the traditional powers, was not able to instigate a reform in the institution and has not presented themselves as an agenda-setting actor. The reproduction of a post-Second World War power structure was present throughout the history of the Multilateral Trade System (MTS), granting privileges to its first architect, the United States, and ensuring that issues such as agricultural liberalization would not gain ample space for its development. Thus, the clash between the G20 x US and the European Union can be understood not only from their presented interests, but also by the historical variable attributed to the MTS construction process.