Por onde anda a inclusão?: breves passos a história dos deficientes no Brasil e na Paraíba

Abstract

The history of the physically disabled throughout the centuries is similar to that concerning other deficiencies, regarding the principles of suffering, humiliation, omission, sacrifice and death. An oscillation between exclusion and acceptance had existed since ancient times, but presenting a difference disparity, with more exclusion than acceptance. Thus, this research aimed to develop a brief historical study from the primitive society to the Brazilian Inclusion Law/2016, demonstrating how the disabled have been treated and the posture of Brazilian society oscillating between acceptance and exclusion. The difficulties faced by this social group to obtain access to regular schools and to be inserted in society exercising their rights and duties as Brazilian citizens, deserve questioning and investigation. Difficulties in locomotion, such as access to adapted buses and regular sidewalks and boosting the construction of an inclusive society that sees everyone as able people. Studies in light of feirean thinking allow for reflective moments and struggles to overcome social differences, improvement in quality of life, social structure and conscious citizens that together, alongside respect, dignity and competence, could build a better society, with less social inequality, inhumanity, selfishness and, thus, the inclusion of all, regardless of their limitations. The study was structured on the basis of a qualitative bibliographical and documentary research, which will provide scientific support for the study of the history of people with physical disabilities or reduced mobility over the years and their acceptance and inclusion in society. The data-collection procedure, both documentary and bibliographic, was carried out using international documents, namely the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), United Nations Organization, Declaration of Salamanca (1994), Guatemala Convention (1999), national documents, as the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, the Law on Guidelines and Basis of Brazilian Education No. 9394/96, Chapter V which deals with Special Education and the National Education Plan (PNE), and regional documents, such as the State Education Plan - PEE and the Municipal Education Plan - SME. The construction of a new society comprising welcoming people, problematizing education practitioners and perspectives concerning criticality and determination in the organization of the educational system, will favor the operationalization of a social context focused on truly inclusive actions.