Coreaú, uma pequena cidade no Brasil : transferências intergovernamentais para a produção do espaço urbano

Abstract

This master’s thesis aimed to problematize the role of the State and its role in the production of urban space in Coreaú, which is characterized as a small city in the urban network of Ceará, in the neoliberal context of Brazilian federalism post-Constitution of 1988. The federative arrangement post-constituency, emerges in the neoliberal context, marked by decentralization (administrative, political and fiscal), provoking structural changes in the profiles of public administrations, which is increasingly adopting the model of urban governance. This arrangement has been guided by the discourse of the neoliberal political project and assumed premises of competitiveness, efficiency and management within the state apparatus. Since the fiscal decentralization, a new policy of resource allocation among federal entities was implemented through transfers of Union revenues to the subnational levels of governments. This action only reinforced the dispute and competitiveness between the states and the municipalities by financing, conforming what we call "tax War". With this in mind, came the need to understand how mayors from small cities have been managed the production of urban space, based on a state policy that is geared towards the organization of the territory. For this, we tried to understand how the process signaled by the dynamics of Brazilian federalism has implied in the thinking and execution of public policies. The study was developed from the knowledge that the correlations of forces between the different levels of government, in addition to sectors of the private initiative, are the social agents responsible for several modifications that occur in the urban space of this city. Between the years 2009 and 2016, Coreaú was contemplated with several transformations in your urban space, that linked to this articulation, reinforced the more accentuated participation of the city in the dispute for public investments from partnerships and agreements with the Union and the State Government, among them: Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento - PAC; Programa Nacional de Reestruturação e Aparelhagem da Rede Escolar Pública de Educcação Infantil - PROINFÂNCIA, both federal programs and the Programa de Apoio às Reformas Sociais do Ceará - PROARES II, this one is part of the State Government. In this way, the production of the urban space in Coreaú has been articulated, starting from the coalition of forces between the three spheres of government (municipal, state and federal) and with participation of the business sector, especially for construction companies that have benefited from the contracts signed with the municipal government by means of bids for the construction of public works, as a way of appropriating public funds. The installation of social infrastructures and urban equipment, the implementation of public services and other strategies carried out by these social agents have been remodeled and given new functions to the urban structure of the city. And although these actions of the State have caused changes in the urban and social life of the population, they are geared primarily to the interests of capital, in a relationship in which the state allows and enables the pursuit of neoliberal ideals.