Territorialização do fenômeno do land-grabbing no Brasil: Projeto de Lei 4.059/2012 como interesse da bancada ruralista

Abstract

The Land Grabbing phenomenon corresponds to the appropriation of agricultural land by international capital with the purpose of accumulating wealth. In Brazil and in the world, such phenomenon has already occurred for centuries, however, from the convergence of crises between the years 2007-2008, the world land has come to be seen as a financial asset, valued and marketed independently of the value of commodities that in it are produced. Currently, this process of financialisation of Brazilian agricultural lands has been promoted at the Congress by the Bancada Ruralista which, in the defense of interests of the local agribusiness, has been playing a card game in the context of the national political and economic crisis so that Bill 4.059/2012 be approved. In this sense, the main objective of this work is to try to understand "Why does the Bancada Ruralista advocate the approval of the Bill 4.059/2012 that facilitates the acquisition of Brazilian rural properties by foreigners?". In order to answer such questioning, we will initially characterize the Land Grabbing phenomenon around the world, as well as the political-economic antecedents that preceded it. The following will analyze the history of Brazilian legal frameworks that dealt with the foreign acquisition of land in the country, opening periods and restrictions on these investments, as well as the contemporary debate around the attempt to regulate Land Grabbing in the country through PL 4.059/2012. Finally, we will return to the historical dynamics of the Bancada Ruralista in the congress, in the defense of the interests of large landowners, in an attempt to understand what motives relate the interest of such class with the approval of the Project. The results of the study show that, as a result of the increase in the price of land, with the increase in demand caused by the opening up, agribusiness, as a large national lot holder, guarantees greater concentration of wealth and opportunity for profits in the land market.