Efeito agudo do exercício de força com restrição de fluxo sanguíneo contínua e intermitente nos membros superiores e inferiores sobre a hemodinâmica em mulheres com hipertensão controlada

Abstract

Introduction: the practice of resistance exercise (RE) combined with blood restriction (BFR) has appeared as an alternative to improve the muscle mass and strength performance in people with cardiovascular and orthopedic diseases. However, the hemodynamic changes with that method, performed with continuous and intermittent pressure, in the upper and lower limbs, in hypertensive individuals, still have knowledge gaps. Aim: analyze the acute effect of RE with BFR under continuous and intermittent rest pressure on the upper and lower limbs on the hemodynamic variables in hypertensive women. Materials and methods: it is an experimental study, with a crossover design, randomized and counterbalanced. The sample was composed by n=13 women, aged between 40 and 65 years (55±6,5), with pressure levels controlled by medicine, submitted to eight experimental protocols of strength training, in different days and aleatory: (P1) and (P5) low load (LL) strength exercise with continuous BFR, at 20% of 1RM (LL+CBFR); (P2) and (P6) LL strength exercise with intermittent BFR, at 20% of 1RM (LL+IBFR); (P3) and (P7) LL strength exercise, at 20% of 1RM (LL); (P4) and (P8) high intensity strength exercise, at 65% of 1RM (HI), being four exercise sessions for the upper limbs (unilateral elbow flexion – right and left segment) and for exercise sessions for the lower limbs (unilateral knee extension – right and left segment). The measures of the hemodynamic variables were assessed before, during and immediately after and 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after each session. Results: there were no significant interactions between protocols x segments x time (p=0,838), protocols × segments (p=0,974), protocols × time (p=0,636), segments × time (p=0,594), protocol (p=0,922) and segment (p=0,988) on the variables systolic blood pressure (SBP mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP mmHg), medium blood pressure (MBP mmHg), heart rate (HR), double product (DP) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) during the exercise, however, occurred a significant interaction post exercise (p<0,05) on the variable SBP. Thus, it can be observed a significant reduction on the SBP post-exercise only on the upper limb LL+CBFR and LL protocols, both on the 30th minute (p=0,015 and p=0,035, respectively), reducing 6,2% mmHg. Conclusion: Low load RE with blood flow restriction seems to promote similar alterations on the hemodynamic variables when it is used a continuous or intermittent rest pressure, on the upper and lower limbs, in hypertensive women. Nevertheless, the LL+CBFR promotes a bigger hypotensive effect, with a 6,2% mmHg reduction.