Elementos de geometria plana e espacial no ENEM: um paralelo com a BNCC

Abstract

The present work had as main objective to analyze the main subjects of Flat and Spatial Geometry proposed in Mathematics questions of the Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) and their relations with the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). Throughout the text we present the theme of our research, Flat and Spatial Geometry, starting with the need to measure or calculate shapes present on the Earth and we continue with the importance of geometric and metric thinking for the formation of students of basic education. We make necessary notes for the teaching of geometry in basic education (elementary school in the final years and high school) according to the BNCC. We present a historical outline of ENEM, since its creation and its initial objectives until the current structure. We conducted a survey of the number of issues involving geometric and metric thinking present in ENEM tests over the past five years, however, we focus our research on the 2018 assessment, making resolutions and commenting on issues involving geometric and metric thinking, comparing them and relating them to the Base Nacional Comum Curricular. The results show that most ENEM questions involve subjects that are still addressed in elementary school from the sixth to ninth grade and that many BNCC skills have already been contemplated in the Mathematics assessment in the edition of the Exam that we analyzed.